Vilnius (Lithuania) From 1323 capital of the grand duchy of Lithuania; from 1940 to 1991 capital of the Lithuanian S.S.R.; from 1991 capital of Lithuania; called by East European Jewry, especially in the modern period, the "Jerusalem of Lithuania" (Yerushalayim de-Lita). BTLithuania RTVilna ghetto (Holocaust) UF Vilna (Lithuania) UF Vilno (Lithuania) UF Wilno (Lithuania)